Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—
Only this and nothing more.”
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
Nameless here for evermore.
And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
“’Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;—
This it is and nothing more.”
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
“Sir,” said I, “or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you”—here I opened wide the door;—
Darkness there and nothing more.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, “Lenore?”
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, “Lenore!”—
Merely this and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
“Surely,” said I, “surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore—
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;—
’Tis the wind and nothing more!”
Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore;
Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door—
Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door—
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
“Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,” I said, “art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shore—
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night’s Plutonian shore!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaning—little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door—
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
With such name as “Nevermore.”
But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
Nothing farther then he uttered—not a feather then he fluttered—
Till I scarcely more than muttered “Other friends have flown before—
On the morrow he will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before.”
Then the bird said “Nevermore.”
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
“Doubtless,” said I, “what it utters is its only stock and store
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore—
Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore
Of ‘Never—nevermore’.”
But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;
Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore—
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking “Nevermore.”
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s core;
This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
On the cushion’s velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o’er,
But whose velvet-violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o’er,
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
“Wretch,” I cried, “thy God hath lent thee—by these angels he hath sent thee
Respite—respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore;
Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
“Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!—
Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted—
On this home by Horror haunted—tell me truly, I implore—
Is there—is there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me, I implore!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
“Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above us—by that God we both adore—
Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
“Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!” I shrieked, upstarting—
“Get thee back into the tempest and the Night’s Plutonian shore!
Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
Leave my loneliness unbroken!—quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!”
Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”
And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon’s that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted—nevermore!
Prólogo de Rubén Darío [Fragmento]
Incluido en la traducción de Juan Antonio Pérez Bonalde (1919)
La influencia de Poe en el arte universal ha sido suficientemente honda y transcendente para que su nombre y su obra no sean a la continua recordados. Desde su muerte acá, no hay año casi en que, ya en el libro o en la revista, no se ocupen del excelso poeta americano, críticos, ensayistas y poetas. La obra de Ingram iluminó la vida del hombre; nada puede aumentar la gloria del soñador maravilloso. Por cierto que la publicación de aquel libro, cuya traducción a nuestra lengua hay que agradecer al Sr. Mayer, estaba destinada al grueso público.
[...]
No buscó el lírico americano el apoyo de la oración; no era creyente, o, al menos, su alma estaba alejada del misticismo. A lo cual da por razón James Russell Lowell lo que podría llamarse la matematicidad de su cerebración. Hasta su misterio es matemático para su propio espíritu». La Ciencia impide al poeta penetrar y tender las alas en la atmósfera de las verdades ideales. Su necesidad de análisis, la condición algebraica de su fantasía, hácele producir tristísimos efectos cuando nos arrastra al borde de lo desconocido. La especulación filosófica nubló en él la fe, que debiera poseer como todo poeta verdadero. En todas sus obras, si mal no recuerdo, sólo unas dos veces está escrito el nombre de Cristo. Profesaba, sí, la moral cristiana; y en cuanto a los destinos del hombre, creía en una ley divina, en un fallo inexorable. En él la ecuación dominaba a la creencia, y aún en lo referente a Dios y sus tributos, pensaba con Spinosa que las cosas invisibles y todo lo que es objeto del entendimiento no puede percibirse de otro modo que por los ojos de la demostración; olvidando la profunda afirmación filosófica: Intelectus noster sic ¿de habet? ad prima entium quoe sunt nanifestissima in natura, sicut oculus vespertillionis ad solem [Traducción libre de Damiana: ¿Nuestro entendimiento tiene esto? los primeros seres se empequeñecen en la naturaleza, como el ojo de un murciélago al sol]. No creía en lo sobrenatural, según confesión propia; pero afirmaba que Dios, como Creador de la Naturaleza, puede, si quiere, modificarla. En la narración de la metempsícosis de Ligeia hay una definición de Dios, tomada de Granwill, que parece ser sustentada por Poe: Dios no es más que una gran voluntad que penetra todas las cosas por la naturaleza de su intensidad. Lo cual estaba ya dicho por Santo Tomás en estas palabras: «Si las cosas mismas no determinan el fin para sí, por desconocen la razón del fin, es necesario que se les determine el fin por otro que sea determinador de la Naturaleza. Este es el que previene todas las cosas, que es sér por sí mismo necesario, y a éste llamamos Dios...» En la Revelación Magnética, a vuelta de divagaciones filosóficas, Mr. Vankirk—que, como casi todos los personajes de Poe, es Poe mismo—afirmaba existencia de un Dios material, al cual llama materia suprema e imparticulada. Pero agrega: «La materia imparticulada, o sea Dios en estado de reposo, es en lo que entra en nuestra comprensión, lo que los hombres llaman espíritu». En el diálogo entre Oinos y Agathos pretende sondear el misterio de la divina inteligencia; así como en los de Monos y Una y de Eros y Charmion penetra en la desconocida sombra de la Muerte, produciendo, como pocos, extraños vislumbres en su concepción del espíritu en el espacio y en el tiempo.
O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O
CÓMO CITAR LA TRADUCCIÓN:
Poe, Edgar (1919). El cuervo. Traducción de Juan Antonio Pérez Bonalde. En Poemas. Montevideo: Editor Claudio García. Recuperado de:
https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/El_cuervo_(P%C3%A9rez_Bonalde_tr.)
CÓMO CITAR EL POEMA ORIGINAL:
Poe, Edgar (1884). The Raven. Ilustrations by Gustav Doré. Recuperado de:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162211/http:/artpassions.net/dore/the_raven.html
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